UTI Symptoms and Treatment: What Causes UTIs and How to Treat Them
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common and can affect both women and men. While they are usually easy to treat, symptoms can be uncomfortable and, if left untreated, may lead to more serious complications.
In this article, we’ll cover UTI symptoms female patients commonly experience, male UTI symptoms, what causes UTIs, and how to treat UTIs safely and effectively.
What Is a UTI?
A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria enter the urinary system, which includes the bladder, urethra, and kidneys. Most UTIs affect the bladder (cystitis), but in some cases, the infection can spread if left untreated.
UTI Symptoms in Women
UTIs are more common in women, and symptoms often develop quickly. Common UTI symptoms female patients may notice include:
A burning sensation when passing urine
Needing to urinate more often than usual
Passing small amounts of urine
Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine
Lower abdominal discomfort or pressure
A sudden, urgent need to urinate
Some women may also feel tired or generally unwell.
male UTI symptoms
Although less common, UTIs can still occur in men. Recognising male UTI symptoms is important, as they can sometimes indicate a more complex infection.
Symptoms may include:
Pain or burning when urinating
Frequent or urgent need to urinate
Difficulty passing urine
Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area
Cloudy or unusual-smelling urine
In some cases, men may also develop a fever or feel unwell, particularly if the infection becomes more severe.
what causes a UTI?
Understanding what causes UTI can help reduce your risk of developing one. UTIs are typically caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract, most commonly from the digestive system.
Common contributing factors include:
Sexual activity
Not emptying the bladder fully
Dehydration
Holding in urine for long periods
Wiping from back to front (in women)
Use of certain contraceptives, such as diaphragms
While UTIs are not usually serious, recurring infections may require further investigation.
how to get rid of a UTI?
If you’re wondering how to get rid of a UTI, treatment will depend on the severity of your symptoms.
1. UTI Treatment with Antibiotics
For most people, UTI treatment involves a short course of antibiotics prescribed by a doctor. These are effective at clearing the infection and relieving symptoms, often within a few days.
It’s important to:
Take the full course as prescribed
Avoid stopping treatment early, even if symptoms improve
2. Self-Care Measures
Alongside medical treatment, a few simple steps can help ease symptoms and support recovery:
Drink plenty of water
Avoid caffeine and alcohol, which may irritate the bladder
Urinate regularly and avoid holding it in
Use over-the-counter pain relief if needed
These measures won’t cure the infection on their own, but can help you feel more comfortable while recovering.
3. When to Seek Medical Advice
You should speak to a doctor if:
It’s your first UTI
Symptoms are severe or not improving
You have frequent or recurring infections
You develop a fever, back pain, or feel unwell
You are pregnant
Prompt treatment helps prevent complications and speeds up recovery.
preventing UTIs
While not all infections can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:
Stay well hydrated
Urinate after sexual activity
Avoid holding urine for long periods
Maintain good hygiene practices
Avoid irritating products in the genital area
These small habits can make a difference over time.
Frequently Asked Questions
How quickly do antibiotics work for UTIS?
Most people begin to feel better within 24–48 hours of starting treatment, although it’s important to complete the full course.
Can a UTI go away on its own?
Some mild UTIs may resolve without treatment, but many require antibiotics to clear the infection and prevent worsening fully.
Are UTIs more common in women?
Yes, UTIs are more common in women due to differences in anatomy, but men can still develop them.
What happens if a UTI is left untreated?
If untreated, a UTI can spread to the kidneys and cause a more serious infection, which may require urgent medical care.
How do I know if I need antibiotics?
A doctor can assess your symptoms and determine whether antibiotic treatment for a UTI is appropriate.
how can GP24 help?
At GP24, we offer convenient, confidential online doctor consultations, making it easy to access advice and UTI treatment when you need them. We also provide online prescriptions for cystitis, which can be sent directly to a pharmacy of your choice.
Our doctors can:
Review your symptoms
Advise whether antibiotics for UTI are appropriate
Provide personalised medical guidance
Book an online consultation today for fast, discreet support.
Conclusion
UTIs are common and usually straightforward to treat, but recognising the symptoms early is key. Understanding what causes UTIs and knowing how to treat them can help you take the right steps quickly.
If you’re experiencing symptoms, speaking with a doctor ensures you receive appropriate care and avoid potential complications. With online doctor services like GP24, getting advice and treatment is simple, fast, and discreet.
Clinical review
This page was reviewed by Dr Ahmad, MB BCH BAO, Medical Director at GP24.
Irish Medical Council Reg. No. 019413
Last reviewed: 10-01-2026.
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